Monsoon & Climate
Pentad Rainfall Climatology
This animation shows a five-day mean (pentad) rainfall climatology from CMAP data. The data was interpolated in time for a smooth transition. The right side panel shows zonal mean rainfall, indicating the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) 's location and interhemispheric seasonal migration.
This animation shows a five-day mean (pentad) rainfall climatology from CMAP data, averaged over different regions (longitude belts). The grey line on each panel shows global (0-360E) mean. Atlantic: 300-360E; Indian: 60-110E; West Pacific: 120-180E; East Pacific: 190-260E.
Research Highlights
ENSO Transition Mode (ETM)
The ENSO transition mode (ETM) is a climate mode of the southern hemisphere Indo-Pacific Ocean domain, especially prominent during boreal spring. The positive phase of this mode is characterized by a zonal dipole of surface pressure over the southern Pacific Ocean with an increase in pressure toward the east. It creates a surface wind pattern that helps increase the eastern equatorial Pacific sea surface temperature (SST0 from boreal winter to summer. In other words, a positive phase of ETM helps develop a positive phase of ENSO (El Nino) or helps weaken a negative phase of ENSO (La Nina). ETM forcing is most effective in modulating such transition at the multidecadal time scales (~50 years). See here for details.Reference: Srivastava et al. (2024) .